Retraction

Articles published in Proceeding Jakarta Geopolitical Forum may be subject to retraction if:

1. There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, whether due to misconduct (e.g., data fabrication) or honest error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental error).

2. The findings have been previously published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification (i.e., cases of redundant publication).

3. The article contains plagiarism.

4. The article reports research conducted unethically.

The retraction process adheres to the Retraction Guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), which are available at:
https://publicationethics.org/files/retraction%20guidelines.pdf